The unique calcereous tuff caves of Castle Hill were created as an effect of the hot water sprigs at the dawn of the history of the Earth. These caves then served as refuge as well as hunting ground for the prehistoric man (the “Hunter of Buda) appearing half a million years ago. This place is called Labyrinth of Buda Castle.

Geographically, Hungary is landlocked; the strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions.

Budapest is the only capital city in the world where there are more than one hundred hot thermal springs. Some 125 springs produce 70 million litres of thermal water a day, with temperatures ranging up to 58 Celsius. Some of these waters have medicinal effects due to their medically valuable mineral contents.

There is a remarkable cave system, formed by the thermal waters, under some of the hills in Buda. The most extensive one is right underneath the Castle Hill. These have been used for hundreds of years, and they proved especially useful during wars and invasions. Not many people know there is a Rock Hospital located under the Castle Hill. It was unknown (even for the local citizens), and nobody knew where the iron gate was leading from the walls of the castle.